Her godparents were: King George V and Queen Mary; Lord Strathmore; Television coverage of the coronation was instrumental in boosting the medium's popularity; the number of, Bradford, p. 22; Brandreth, p. 103; Marr, p. 76; Pimlott, pp. [25] From February to May 1940, they lived at Royal Lodge, Windsor, until moving to Windsor Castle, where they lived for most of the next five years. As a constitutional monarch, she has not expressed her own political opinions in a public forum. She is especially known for her love of corgis, owning more than 30 descendants of the first corgi she received as a teenager, until the death of the final one, Willow, in 2018. She became the queen regnant for seven commonwealth countries. After the start of the 21st century, Elizabeth experienced two great losses. [87] Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice she followed. [51] In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for Philip's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, the Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Elizabeth has ties with most of the monarchs in Europe. Theresa May was described as being tight-lipped about Brexit plans to leave the European Union, with a rumor circulating that Elizabeth was perturbed over not being informed about future exit strategies. 88–89, Lacey, p. 281; Pimlott, pp. [19], In 1939, Elizabeth's parents toured Canada and the United States. In a serious lapse of security, assistance only arrived after two calls to the Palace police switchboard. [203], In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". (Elizabeth has also met about a quarter of all the U.S. presidents in history, most recently receiving Donald Trump for a state visit in June 2019.). Queen Elizabeth was the Queen consort of King George VI until his death in 1952. Nearly a week after Diana's death, Elizabeth returned to London and issued a statement on the late princess. [109] Tony Benn said the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Elizabeth and her sister largely stayed out of London, having been relocated to Windsor Castle. [158], Elizabeth addressed the UN General Assembly for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth. She was educated privately at home and began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. 256–260; Roberts, p. 84, Brandreth, p. 374; Pimlott, pp. [189], The Queen does not intend to abdicate,[190] though Prince Charles is expected to take on more of her duties as Elizabeth, who celebrated her 94th birthday in 2020, carries out fewer public engagements. [139], In the years to follow, public revelations on the state of Charles and Diana's marriage continued. Elizabeth I was a long-ruling queen of England, governing with relative stability and prosperity for 44 years. He fired, but, fortunately, the gun was loaded with blanks. Elizabeth II’s father and mother were known as the Duke and Duchess of York. [31] She trained as a driver and mechanic and was given the rank of honorary junior commander (female equivalent of captain at the time) five months later. [132] In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips;[133] during a state visit to Germany in October, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her;[134] and, in November, a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle, one of her official residences. Elizabeth is also a horse enthusiast who bred thoroughbreds and attended racing events for many years. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union. LONDON: In the end, Sir Tom didn't need to rise. Elizabeth II First Definitive UK Coin Portrait. In the end, Edward chose Simpson and abdicated the crown. In August 2019, Elizabeth made a rare intrusion into political matters when she agreed to a request by Prime Minister Boris Johnson to prorogue (suspend) Parliament until October 14, less than three weeks before Britain's planned departure from the European Union. Elizabeth was quiet and reserved while Philip was boisterous and outspoken. The 17-year-old assailant, Marcus Sarjeant, was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three. In February 1952, the father of Elizabeth passed away which made her as the queen of United Kingdom. [96], Elizabeth's pregnancies with Princes Andrew and Edward, in 1959 and 1963, mark the only times she has not performed the State Opening of the British parliament during her reign. [144] Afterwards, for five days the Queen and the Duke shielded their grandsons from the intense press interest by keeping them at Balmoral where they could grieve in private,[145] but the royal family's seclusion and the failure to fly a flag at half-mast over Buckingham Palace caused public dismay. Queen Victoria was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901 — the second-longest reign of any British monarch. 109–110, Bond, p. 96; Marr, p. 257; Pimlott, p. 427; Shawcross, p. 110, Hardman, p. 137; Roberts, pp. [88] In 1965 the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement. We strive for accuracy and fairness. When the press got wind of the fact that Prince Philip was nowhere to be seen during this incident, they speculated about the state of the royal marriage. A million people attended each day of the three-day main Jubilee celebration in London,[152] and the enthusiasm shown by the public for the Queen was greater than many journalists had expected. More than a week later she was in Montreal, Canada, to open the Summer Olympics. [161] By invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, she made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011. [108], According to Paul Martin Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian prime minister. [12] Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. [216], Elizabeth has been portrayed in a variety of media by many notable artists, including painters Pietro Annigoni, Peter Blake, Chinwe Chukwuogo-Roy, Terence Cuneo, Lucian Freud, Rolf Harris, Damien Hirst, Juliet Pannett, and Tai-Shan Schierenberg. Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip married in 1947, and have four children together. In 1971, Jock Colville, her former private secretary and a director of her bank, Coutts, estimated her wealth at £2 million (equivalent to about £28 million in 2019[220]). [141] Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself and the Queen's wider family rather than her own behaviour and actions. From there she made the first of her famous radio broadcasts in 1940, with this particular speech reassuring the children of Britain who had been evacuated from their homes and families. Tony Blair saw certain concepts around the monarchy as somewhat outdated, though he did appreciate Elizabeth making a public statement after the death of Diana. In 2000, she said: To many of us, our beliefs are of fundamental importance. 572–577; Roberts, p. 94; Shawcross, p. 168, Brandreth, p. 358; Hardman, p. 101; Pimlott, p. 610, Bond, p. 134; Brandreth, p. 358; Marr, p. 338; Pimlott, p. 615, Bond, p. 134; Brandreth, p. 358; Lacey, pp. 104–114; Pimlott, pp. The Queen also possesses royal standards and personal flags for use in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, and elsewhere. [221][222] In 1993, Buckingham Palace called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated". On the same tour, she opened the 23rd Canadian Parliament, becoming the first monarch of Canada to open a parliamentary session. [2] She was baptised by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May,[3][c] and named Elizabeth after her mother; Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier; and Mary after her paternal grandmother. [137] In December, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, formally separated. [219], Elizabeth's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years. I won't leave without the King. In 1982, Elizabeth worried about her second son, Prince Andrew, who served as a helicopter pilot in the British Royal Navy during the Falklands War. Philip suggested House of Edinburgh, after his ducal title. Here, we take a closer look at the woman at the center of it all, Queen Elizabeth II. [131] Republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen's private wealth—which were contradicted by the Palace—and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family. [26] At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926 in 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair, London, England as Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor (Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary of York). At the time of their wedding, Great Britain was still recovering from the ravages of World War II, and Elizabeth collected clothing coupons to get fabric for her gown. https://www.biography.com/royalty/queen-elizabeth-ii. [56], During 1951, George VI's health declined, and Elizabeth frequently stood in for him at public events. 56–57, Bradford, p. 45; Lacey, p. 148; Marr, p. 100; Pimlott, p. 75, Brandreth, pp. Britain's Queen Elizabeth II and Camilla, the Duchess of Cornwall leave the Order of The Garter Service at Windsor Castle in Windsor, June 17, 2019. 2. [199] Her main leisure interests include equestrianism and dogs, especially her Pembroke Welsh Corgis. [27] In 1940, the 14-year-old Elizabeth made her first radio broadcast during the BBC's Children's Hour, addressing other children who had been evacuated from the cities. Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth II on June 2, 1953, in Westminster Abbey, at the age of 27. Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain is the longest-reigning monarch in British history. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. [99] As Britain's ties to its former empire weakened, the British government sought entry to the European Community, a goal it achieved in 1973. 173–176; Shawcross, p.16, Bousfield and Toffoli, p. 72; Charteris quoted in Pimlott, p. 179 and Shawcross, p. 17, Bradford, p. 80; Brandreth, pp. Moore captivated the British public by walking 100 laps of his garden in England and raising some 33 million pounds ($40 million) … The Queen stated it was her "sincere wish" that Charles would follow her in the role. [105] In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena,[106] though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands".
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